(DRA) (SAMPLE) #2

A flow improver is a chemical additive that helps crude oil flow smoothly through pipelines and production equipment.
Flow improvers are also known as pour point depressants (PPDs).

How flow improvers work
Flow improvers modify the structure of wax crystals, preventing them from growing and depositing. They reduce the viscosity of crude oil
They improve the flowability of crude oil at low temperatures

Benefits of flow improvers
Reduce the risk of flow disruptions
Reduce energy consumption
Improve the overall efficiency of oil and gas production processes
Prevent costly shutdowns and maintenance issues

Examples of flow improvers
LiquidPower: A flow improver that can provide drag reduction of 80 percent or greater
Alkylbenzenesulfonates: A small molecule flow improver that can depress the pour point of crude oil
Zinc alkylbenzenesulfonate (ZnDBS): A flow improver that has shown good performance in enhancing the heavy oil recovery

Flow improver applications Extraction, Pipelines and transportation, Processing, and Refinery.

Drag reducing agent
Drag-reducing agents (DRA) or drag-reducing polymers (DRP) are additives in pipelines that reduce turbulence in a pipe. Usually used in petroleum pipelines, they increase the pipeline capacity by reducing turbulency and increasing laminar flow.

Drag reducing agents can be broadly classified under the following four categories – Polymers, Solidparticle suspensions, Biological additives, and Surfactants. These agents are made out of high molecular weight polymers or micellar systems. The polymers help with drag reduction by decreasing turbulence in the oil lines. This allows for oil to be pumped through at lower pressures, saving energy and money.
Although these drag reducing agents are mostly used in oil lines, there is research being done to see how helpful polymers could be in reducing drag in veins and arteries.